The process of reporting an illegal occurrence in a structure is called whistle-blowing by the person in the same structure or outside it. The whistle-blowing is divided into different types depending on who does it and direct communication with Corruption or a fraudulent act. Although not widely used in the legal literature of the world, it has a rich history in the fight against economic and administrative corruption in terms of the performance of the person doing it. Today, whistle-blowing has received the attention of many lawmakers in the countries. And domestic legal systems and numerous laws have been enacted about that. Providing a precise definition of whistleblowing and revealing its nature regarding its evolution from the past to the present, as well as its relevance to modern journalism activities and evaluating the benefits of whistleblowing compared to other costly methods of discovering economic corruptions while examining the legal systems of selected countries and the strengths and weaknesses of existing laws in Iranian law is The Noteworthy of this Research.

Information geopolitics examines the tensions arising from the power of information and effective communication in the political space and analyzes its hidden aspects in information knowledge and aristocracy, and describes the power of public opinion persuasion. The information revolution has led to the arrival of new actors, transformations and changes in the equations of power, and to the complication of relations, and finally to the emergence of a hybrid war. Now, in this situation, how can modern and efficient combat strategies be achieved by relying on appropriate intelligence power? According to the appropriate solution, complete and strategic intelligence aristocracy is based on the effective factors in the areas involved in the hybrid war and the formation of strategic alliances based on the long-term goals of the actors. The method of library analytical research is to explain the relationship between the geopolitical components of information and hybrid warfare. According to the theory of chaos complexity, strategic stability based on information geopolitics is the basis for maintaining balance and control of war in which political units are not able to start a large-scale war against each other and prevent conflicts from turning into direct war.

Neuropathic pain, a chronic condition resulting from somatosensory system damage, remains a significant clinical challenge due to its complex pathophysiology and inadequate response to traditional therapies. Oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between free radicals production and antioxidant defenses, plays a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells with the ability to differentiate into various cell types and possess immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties, making them promising candidates for novel pain management strategies. Preclinical studies demonstrate that MSCs can reduce inflammation, scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), promote nerve regeneration, and modulate pain signaling pathways. Various administration routes, including intravenous and intrathecal, have been investigated to optimize MSC delivery and efficacy. Additionally, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a cell-free alternative with substantial therapeutic potential. Despite encouraging preclinical findings, further research is needed to refine MSC-based therapies, including the exploration of combination treatments and rigorous clinical trials, to translate these promising results into effective clinical applications for neuropathic pain relief. This review explores the therapeutic potential of MSCs in alleviating oxidative stress-mediated neuropathic pain.

Multi-label classification aims at assigning more than one label to each instance. Many real-world multi-label classification tasks are high dimensional, leading to reduced performance of traditional classifiers. Feature selection is a common approach to tackle this issue by choosing prominent features. Multi-label feature selection is an NP-hard approach, and so far, some swarm intelligence-based strategies and have been proposed to find a near optimal solution within a reasonable time. In this paper, a hybrid intelligence algorithm based on the binary algorithm of particle swarm optimization and a novel local search strategy has been proposed to select a set of prominent features. To this aim, features are divided into two categories based on the extension rate and the relationship between the output and the local search strategy to increase the convergence speed. The first group features have more similarity to class and less similarity to other features, and the second is redundant and less relevant features. Accordingly, a local operator is added to the particle swarm optimization algorithm to reduce redundant features and keep relevant ones among each solution. The aim of this operator leads to enhance the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm compared to other algorithms presented in this field. Evaluation of the proposed solution and the proposed statistical test shows that the proposed approach improves different classification criteria of multi-label classification and outperforms other methods in most cases. Also in cases where achieving higher accuracy is more important than time, it is more appropriate to use this method.

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a pathogen that causes various infections and exhibits antibiotic resistance and virulence factors, requiring alternative therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of nanocurcumin on gene expression of S. aureus isolates from burn wounds in Iraqi patients, focusing on inhibiting resistance and virulence genes.   Methods: From March 2023 to May 2024, burn wound samples from Iraqi patients yielded 110 S. aureus isolates. Identification was conducted by Gram staining, biochemical assays, and culture techniques. Fifty isolates were randomly selected for antibiotic susceptibility testing using the VITEK 2 Compact System. Ten isolates showing the highest resistance to multiple antibiotics were selected for molecular characterization via Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (Multiplex PCR) to detect fnbA, icaA, icaB, ftsZ, hla, pvl, femA, and mecA genes. The ten isolates were then divided into two groups: a treatment group exposed to nanocurcumin and an untreated control group. The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of nanocurcumin was determined using the broth microdilution method in a 96-well plate. The 16S rRNA gene served as an internal control for evaluating the molecular effects. A two-tailed t test was used to assess the significance of gene expression differences.Results: All 110 isolates were confirmed as S. aureus. The 50 selected isolates were resistant to cefoxitin, amoxicillin, benzylpenicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, cloxacillin, oxacillin, and azithromycin. MecA gene was detected in all isolates. Among the ten tested, femA, icaA, hla, and ftsZ were present in 70%; pvl in 50%; icaB in 20%; and fnbA in 10%. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), showed significant downregulation of icaA, hla, pvl, femA, and mecA in treated isolates. No significant changes were seen in fnbA and ftsZ. Conclusion: Nanocurcumin inhibits S. aureus virulence and resistance genes, reducing biofilm formation and toxin production, but lacks effect on fnbA and ftsZ, requiring further research.

Introduction Globalization is a historical process that has been provided due to the progress and revolution in communication and information technology, and communication and information systems such as telephone, satellite, Internet, etc., pave the way for its realization as a process. It turns. In such a sense, globalization is the product of the compression of time and space, the separation of the common social living space from the place, the proximity and complexity of man, which is reflected in the emergence of a common culture. It will also lead to integration in the economic, political, security and military fields, and to shrink the world on the one hand, and to increase public awareness and communication on the other. The developments resulting from the information revolution have led to the entry of new actors, changes in structures and changes in the equations of power, and as a result, more complex relations in the form of systemic networks, and ultimately led to a combined war. Information geopolitics, to study the role of knowledge, information, technology and art in different dimensions of production, collection, focus and dissemination on power generation and the impact on actors' relationships and their conflicts to develop their sphere of influence on geographical and human spaces at different scales Pays. Methodology Globalization is a historical process that has been provided due to the progress and revolution in communication and information technology, and communication and information systems such as telephone, satellite, Internet, etc., pave the way for its realization as a process. It turns. In such a sense, globalization is the product of the compression of time and space, the separation of the common social living space from the place, the proximity and complexity of man, which is reflected in the emergence of a common culture. It will also lead to integration in the economic, political, security and military fields, and to shrink the world on the one hand, and to increase public awareness and communication on the other. The developments resulting from the information revolution have led to the entry of new actors, changes in structures and changes in the equations of power, and as a result, more complex relations in the form of systemic networks, and ultimately led to a combined war. Information geopolitics, to study the role of knowledge, information, technology and art in different dimensions of production, collection, focus and dissemination on power generation and the impact on actors' relationships and their conflicts to develop their sphere of influence on geographical and human spaces at different scales Pays. Results and Discussion The purpose of wars has always been to influence the enemy's information systems. The desired result would be for the enemy to receive messages persuading him to stop the war. The scope of influence of the information and communication element covers a wide range from soft warfare and psychological warfare to information and cyber warfare, from social networks and websites that have many security implications and consequences in the eyes of public opinion and Governments and intelligence services allow cyber sabotage of nuclear programs and hackers to break into code and infiltrate the computers of key organizations and target systems. New malware steals confidential, top-secret, and classified information; Countering them requires the use of intelligent power in cyberspace, which provides a more complex understanding of power in world politics in the information age. The model of the enemy's approach in the era of the conquest of intelligent power is convergent, an integrated model as follows: 1-Concentration of psychological and political pressure on the political and defense management of the country. 2-Psychological operations on people. 3-Economic pressure. 4-Military operations on selective and complementary targets. 5. Focus on destroying vital civilian and defense infrastructure. 6-Creating super-critical points in major populations. 7-Leading the people's dissatisfaction to the field of protest, turmoil and finally conflict with the government. 8-Transfer of military auxiliary pressure to the remaining resistances. 9-Establishing coordination between the potential of popular conflict and the military offensive system against the government. Conclusion The present study shows that, in complex and anarchic systems, strategic stability is the basis for maintaining balance and systemic stability and thus war control in which the distribution of vulnerabilities, sensitivities and capabilities, in a way Is that the units in the international system are not able to wage a large-scale war against each other and, at the systemic level, prevent fluctuations from turning into war. In the system of complexity, in addition to the clustering of order, the evolution of the pattern of war and conflict is in the form of combined wars with a proxy, coalition and information-oriented approach with a network feature. Therefore, their control and management are also analyzed based on network logic. In the new geopolitical situation, physical collisions have reached a minimum, and in today's world, what is important is to understand cyber and infosphere space in the geopolitical realms. The fifth period is geopolitical and geopolitical environments over time have gone beyond the pure domination of land and borders and have found a practical meaning in the dimensions of sea and air, the main factor of which is the power of information. As a result, the use of intelligence power changes both the model of wars and struggles and the style of acting, and on the other hand, it turns out that the determining power is transferred to the air and the electromagnetic systems located in the air bases. The great world powers have taken control of their peripheral space and the potential of their intelligence force has changed the balance of power, and today human beings are witnessing the most prominent methods of intelligence power and military skills.

This paper aimed to identify and assess the components of the combat service support system in Ground Combat appropriate to future threats. The study population includes all commanders, mangers and deputies working at the AJA and Ground Force headquarters in the position of General (and above) who are familiar with the desired system. This population sampled by purposive method. For interview, they have also been selected in judgment sampling method. Data collected through the documents, interviews and questionnaires and analyzed via SPSS software. Finally, the agility components of the combat service support system in ground combat appropriate to future threats are as follow: active and flexible, up-to-date, continuity of support, reliability, integrity with decentralization, creative and innovative, logistical security, long persistence, easy access, cost-saving.

The emergence of new viruses has always been a threat to the health of people around the world, the latest example of it is the new strains of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the resulting acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The current situation underscores the importance of rapidly producing low-cost stable vaccines that do not require refrigeration equipment for storage and transportation. However, most vaccines are not yet available in developing countries due to import costs and storage and transportation needs. Therefore, the vaccine must be affordable for developing countries so that vaccination can be carried out on a large scale. Herbal vaccines are more cost-effective than other types of vaccines and production methods and can be produced in large quantities. In addition, herbal vaccines have other benefits that are discussed in this article. However, given that an herbal medicinal product is to be used as a vaccine in a semi-processed form (such as mashed potatoes or tomato paste), specific regulatory reviews must apply to injectable vaccines. Products should also be applied to evaluate their side effects clinically. The current review article investigates the opportunities and challenges of producing plant-based vaccines to deal with diseases like Coronavirus disease (COVID-19(.